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Robert Campin
Robert Campin (c. 1375 – 26 April 1444), now usually identified as the artist known as the Master of Flémalle, is usually considered the first great master of Flemish and Early Netherlandish painting. This had been a matter of controversy for decades; Campin's life is relatively well documented for the period,〔Campbell, Lorne. "Robert Campin, the Master of Flémalle and the Master of Mérode
". ''The Burlington Magazine'', Volume 116, No. 860, Nov. 1974. 634-646〕 but no works in assessable condition could be securely connected with him, whilst a corpus of work had been attached to the unidentified "Master of Flémalle", named after the supposed origin of a work.〔Fragments remain probably from some wall-paintings for which he was paid in 1406-7. Campbell, Lorne. (1998) ''The Fifteenth Century Netherlandish Paintings''. London: National Gallery Catalogues (new series), p. 72. ISBN 1-85709-171-X〕
==Life==
Campin first appears as settled in Tournai from the archives of 1405–6, as a free master of the guild of painters, and there has been a lot of speculation about his origin and birthplace which is actually unknown, although he is sometimes listed as having been born in Valenciennes.〔"Walloon historians not unnaturally wish to believe that so early and considerable an artist was of French-speaking origin. They note that the name Campin is not uncommon in Hainault, notably at Valenciennes, where it occurs frequently at this period ; and they further, and with obvious force, point out that on a critical occasion our Robert received potent protection from the Duchess of Hainault, when he had been condemned to a year's exile because of his dissolute life. Nevertheless, it is tempting to look elsewhere for his origin. His very name suggests the Limbourg Campine in the neighbourhood of Maastricht, whence came the Van Eycks and the de Limbourgs and other famous artists of this generation. At Maastricht was an important school of art of ancient standing to which all of these men were debtors. Further, when Robert Campin settled at Tournay he brought with him his wife, Isabella of Stockhem, and Stockhem is " a village on the left bank of the Maas within a short distance of Maaseyck."
( p.111/112 in MARTIN CONWAY "The Van Eycks and their followers" ). The town of ''Stockhem'', now called Stokkem, forms a part of Dilsen-Stokkem on the left bank of the river Maas/Meuse close to Maasmechelen and Maaseik.〕 However, in 1410 he bought citizenship, which suggests he was not born there. He eventually attained the office of dean of the guild, and wardenship of a church and other civic offices, and was running a large workshop. By 1432, however, he lost his civic positions because of scandals, and probably his role in political disturbances in the city. In 1429 he was found guilty of withholding evidence, and sentenced to go on a pilgrimage, and in 1432 was convicted of adultery and banished for a year. Margaret of Burgundy, wife of the Count of Holland and sister of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy intervened on his behalf, and this was reduced to a fine.〔〔 The dated ''Werl Altarpiece'' (1438) shows he continued to work (the two outer wings are in the Prado; the main panel is lost). He died in Tournai.
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